Japanese Term | Meaning |
---|---|
aiki ken | Aikido sword exercises |
aiki no michi | Aikido (michi=do) |
aiki taiso | aiki exercises |
aikibatto | sword exercises, solo or paired |
aikibudo | budo based on the aiki principle, earlier name for Aikido |
Aikido | the way of harmony of the spirit |
Aikido kyogi | competition Aikido |
Aikido toho | Nishio sensei’s iaido school |
Aikido ka | one who does Aikido, specifically on an advanced or professional level |
aikijinja | the Aikido temple in Iwama |
aikijo | Aikido jo |
aikijutsu | name on the daito ryu martial art, also called aikijujutsu |
aikikai | organization and “label” for Ueshiba’s Aikido |
aikiken | Aikido sword exercises |
aikinage | aiki throw, throwing technique |
aikiotoshi | aiki drop, throwing technique |
aikitaiso | Aikido warm up exercises |
aite | partner in training |
arigato | thanks |
arigato gozaimashita | thanks for something completed |
arigato gozaimasu | thanks for something going on |
ashi | leg, foot |
ashigaru | samurai of lowest rank |
ate | hit, strike |
atemi | strike to the body |
awase | harmonizing/blending movement |
ayumiashi | altering steps, left and right, like normal walking |
bajutsu | horsemanship |
barai/harai | parry, ward off |
batto | draw the sword, also called nuki |
batto (1) | sword drawing |
batto (2) | drawn sword, naked blade |
battojutsu | art of sword drawing using a single cutting motion |
bo | staff, longer than the jo |
bojutsu | bo techniques |
bokken | wooden training sword |
bokuto | same as bokken |
bu | war, battle, fight |
budo | the way of war/battle, the Japanese martial arts |
budoka | one who does any budo, specifically on an advanced or professional level |
bugei | battle art, old term |
bugeisha | warrior, master of martial arts |
bujin | military man, soldier |
bujutsu | martial technique |
bukiwaza | weapons training |
bushi | warrior |
bushido | the way of the warrior |
chado | tea ceremony |
chikara | force/strength |
choku | direct |
chokutsuki | direct strike with the jo |
chudan | middle, compare jodan and gedan |
chudan kamae | guard position with a weapon at belly height |
chudan tsuki | strike at belly/solar plexus, with weapon or empty hand |
chukyusha | continuing student, with a mid-level kyu grade |
dai | big, also o |
daisho | sword pair, the long and the short sword |
daito ryu | aikijutsu school |
dame | wrong, bad |
dan | level, black belt grade in budo |
dao/tao | transcription of the Chinese word for way, do |
deshi | student |
do | way, also michi |
dogi | training dress, also keikogi |
do-in | self-massage tradition |
dojo | training hall |
dojo cho | head of a training hall |
doka | poem about the way |
domo | thanks |
domo arigato gozaimas | thank you so much, for something going on |
domo arigato gozaimashita | thank you so much, for something completed |
dori | take, catch, grab |
dosa | movement |
doshu | way leader, head of a budo |
dozo | please/by all mean |
eda | short stick |
embukai | public demonstration |
empi | strike with elbow |
eri | neck, collar |
eridori | collar grip by the neck |
fuchi | metal sleeve at the base of the handle of a katana |
fudo no shisei | immovable posture |
fukuro shinai | A bamboo bokken encased in leather |
fukushidoin | teacher assisting instructor. Compare shidoin and shihan |
funakogi undo | rowing exercise, also called torifune |
furitama | exercise to still ki |
futaridori/futarigake | two attackers |
gaeshi/kaeshi | returning, reversed, counter |
gamae/kamae | guard, basic position |
gasshuku | training camp, lodging together |
gedan | low, compare jodan and chudan |
gedan gaeshi | circular jo movement, aimed at lower part of uke‘s body |
gedan tsuki | jo thrust aimed at lower part of uke‘s body |
gedanbarai | low block |
geiko/keiko | training |
geri | kick |
gi | training suit |
giri/kiri | cut |
go | five |
godan | fifth degree black belt |
gokyo | fifth teaching, pinning technique |
gomen nasai | excuse me |
go no sen | timing a response late to an attack. See also Sen and Sen No Sen |
gorin no sho | book of five rings, by Miyamoto Musashi |
goshi (koshi) | hip |
gotai | hard body, static training, compare jutai, ryutai and kinagare |
gyaku | reverse, opposite |
gyakuhanmi | basic relation between partners: they have opposite foot forward, compare aihanmi |
gyakuhanmi katatedori | wrist grip, right on left or left on right, compare aihanmi katatedori |
gyakutsuki | strike with opposing arm and leg forward, compare oitsuki |
habaki | collar around the blade of a katana |
hachi | eight |
hachi no ji | jo movement based on the Japanese character for eight |
hachidan | eighth degree black belt |
hagakure | hiding the leaves, classic samurai book from the 18th century |
hai | yes |
hajime | begin |
hakama | traditional wide pants, used in Aikido |
hanbo | stick, 3ft staff |
handachi | half standing |
hanmi | standing posture |
hanmi | half body |
hanmi gamae | angled guard position |
hanmi handachiwaza | sitting versus standing |
hanmi hantachi | one sitting, one standing |
hanshi | sword master of high rank |
hanshi | title in kendo, from 8th dan |
hantai | opposed |
happo | eight directions, compare shiho |
happo giri | eight direction cut |
hara | stomach, centre |
harai/barai | sweep away, parry |
harakiri | cut belly, ritual suicide, also called seppuku |
hasso gamae | guard with weapon at shoulder level |
hasso no kamae | posture with ken or jo vertical at the right shoulder |
hassogaeshi | jo staff technique |
henka waza | changing techniques, variations on basic techniques, also shifting from one technique to another |
henke | blending |
hidari | left (right: migi) |
hidari hanmi | left posture |
hiji | elbow |
hiji jime (shime) | elbow lock |
hijidori | grip on elbow |
hijikimeosae | pinning technique, sometimes called rokkyo |
hiki | pull |
hineri | twist |
hiragana | Japanese phonetic writing, compare katakana |
hiriki | elbow power |
hito e mi | making the posture small |
hito e mi | making the body small, guard position with more of an angle than hanmi |
hiza | knee |
ho | direction |
ho | method |
hombu | head quarters |
hombu dojo | head dojo, used for Aikido ‘s head dojo in Tokyo |
iai | swordplay |
iaido | modern art of drawing the sword from its scabbard |
iaito | training sword, usually not sharpened |
ichiban | first, best |
ichigeki issatsu | one blow, one kill |
iie | no |
iki | will power |
ikkajo | older term for ikkyo |
ikki | one ki, bottoms up, toast |
ikkyo | first teaching, pinning technique |
ikkyo undo | exercise of the basic ikkyo movement |
in | japanese for the chinese concept yin, compare yo |
ippan geiko | general training |
ippon | one point |
ipponken | strike with one knuckle |
irimi | entering (movement) |
iriminage | inward throw, throwing technique |
iro obi | coloured belt |
iwama | japanese town, where O sensei had a dojo and a home |
iwama ryu | Saito sensei’s Aikido style |
jiyuwaza | free training |
jo | stick, 4ft staff |
jo awase jo | staff exercises |
jodan | high, compare chudan and gedan |
jodan gaeshi | circular jo strike to upper part of uke‘s body |
jodan kamae | guard with weapon over head |
jodan no kamae | upper stance |
jodan tsuki | strike at head |
jodanuke | high block |
jodo | the way of the staff |
jodori | defence against jo |
jokyusha | advanced student, with a higher kyu grade, compare chukyusha |
joseki | place where honoured guest is seated in the dojo |
jotori | staff taking (defense against jo attacks) |
ju | soft |
ju | ten |
ju no ri | principle of gentleness |
judan | tenth degree black belt |
judo | the soft way, or the way to softness |
jujigarami/jujinage | crossed arm throw |
jujutsu | the soft art |
juken | bayonet |
jumbitaiso aikitaiso | warm up exercises |
juntsuki | strike with the same arm and leg forward, also called oitsuki, compare gyakutsuki |
jutai | soft body, smooth training, compare gotai, ryutai and kinagare |
jutsu | technique/art |
kaeshi/gaeshi | returning, reverse |
kaeshitsuki | reverse strike with jo staff |
Kaeshi waza | counter techniques |
kagami biraki | Japanese new year celebration, held January 11th |
kai | association |
kaiso | founder |
kaiten | open and turn |
kaitennage | rotation throw, throwing technique |
kaitenosae | rotation pinning technique |
kakaedori | embrace |
kakarigeiko | attackers in line, one after the other |
kakudo | angle |
kakutogi | combative art |
kamae/gamae | guard position |
kami | deity, divine being |
kamigakari | divinely inspired person |
kamiza | honorary place in a dojo, compare shomen and shinzen |
kampai | cheers, toast |
kan | intuition |
kangeiko | mid winter training |
kanji | ideograms, the Chinese writing |
kanren | linked, connected |
kanrenwaza | linked techniques, one technique followed by another, compare renzokuwaza |
kansetsu | joint (on body) |
kansetsu waza | joint techniques |
kansha | gratitude |
karatedo | the way of the empty hand, or the way through the hand to emptiness |
kashima shintoryu | traditional sword school |
kata | form, pre decided movements |
kata | shoulder |
katadori | shoulder grip |
katadori menuchi | shoulder grip followed by shomenuchi |
katakana | japanese phonetic writing, compare hiragana |
katamewaza | pinning techniques |
katana | the japanese sword, also ken, to and tachi |
katasujinken | life giving sword |
katate | one hand technique |
katate dori | one hand grab |
katate ryotedori | grip with both hands, also called morotedori |
katatedori | wrist grip |
katori shintoryu | traditional sword school |
keiko/geiko | training |
keikogi | training dress, also dogi |
ken | firm, strong |
ken | sword, also katana, to and tachi |
ken no kamae | posture when holding sword of bokken ready |
kendo | japanese fencing |
kenjutsu | combative sword arts or techniques |
keppan | blood oath |
ki | spirit; mind; heart; energy |
ki Aikido | Tohei sensei’s Aikido style |
ki no kenkyukai | Tohei sensei’s Aikido school, also shinshin toitsu |
ki no musubi | uniting your ki with that of your opponent |
ki no nagare | ki, or energy flow |
kiai | gathered ki, usually used for shout in budo |
kihon | basics |
kihon waza | basic technique |
kikai tanden | the ocean of ki in the body’s center |
kime | focusing |
kimusubi | tying one’s ki to that of the partner |
kinagare/ki no nagare | streaming ki, flowing training, compare gotai, jutai and ryutai |
kiotsukete | to stand to attention |
kiri/giri | cut |
kirikaeshi | turning cut, sword exercise |
kiritsu | to stand up |
koan | riddle in zen |
kobudo | traditional or pre |
kobudo | older budo |
kobujutsu | traditional martial arts |
kogeki | attack |
kogekiho | attack techniques |
kohai | one’s junior, compare sempai |
kojiki | religious Japanese book from the 8th century |
kokoro | heart, will, mind, also pronounced shin |
kokyu | breath power |
kokyu nage | throwing with breath power |
kokyu ryoku | breath power |
kokyuho | breathing exercise, throwing technique |
kokyunage | breath throw |
kosa | cross over, pass |
kosadori | cross over grip, same as aihanmi katatedori |
koshi | hip |
koshi nage | hip throw |
kote | wrist |
kote gaeshi | outward wrist twist |
kotegaeshi | reversed wrist, throwing technique |
kotehineri | twisted wrist, sankyo |
kotemawashi | turned wrist, nikyo |
kotodama/kototama | spirit of words, Japanese sound mystique and cosmology |
ku | emptiness |
ku | nine |
kubi | neck |
kubishime | neck choke |
kuden | oral teaching |
kumi | group, set |
kumijo | jo staff exercises, jo against jo |
kumitachi | sword exercises, sword against sword |
kumite | empty handed fight |
kumiuchi | ancient Japanese wrestling in full armour |
kuzushi | break balance, destabilise |
kyo | principle, learning |
kyoju dairi | teaching assistant |
kyoshi | title in kendo, 6/7 dan |
kyu | grade before black belt, compare dan |
kyudan | ninth degree black belt |
kyudo | the art of Japanese archery |
ma ai | harmonious, balanced distance between training partners |
mae | front, forward, compare ushiro |
mae ukemi | forward fall |
maegeri | straight kick |
makiwara | target for hitting practice in karatedo |
maru | circle |
marui | circular |
masakatsu agatsu | correct victory, victory over self |
mawashi | revolving, turning |
mawashigeri | roundhouse kick |
mawate | turning |
me | eye |
meiji | martial ways |
men | head |
menkyo | teaching license |
menkyo kaiden | certificate of advanced proficiency |
menuchi | head strike |
metsubushi | ‘smashing the eyes’ |
metsuke | eye |
michi | way, also do |
migi | right (left: hidari) |
migi hanmi | right posture |
misogi | purification, cleansing |
mo ikkai | do again |
mochi | hold/grip, also called dori |
mochikata | gripping attacks |
mokuroku | catalogue or list |
mokuso | meditation, also called zazen |
moro | both |
morotedori | grip with both hands, also called katate ryotedori |
mu | nothing, empty |
mudansha | trainee without dan grade, compare yudansha |
mune | chest |
munedori | collar grip by the chest |
musha shugyo | knight errantry |
mushin mugamae | empty or open mind/stance |
musubi | tie together, bind, join |
nagare | flow, streaming |
nage | throw, also used for the one doing the Aikido technique, compare tori |
nagewaza | throwing techniques |
naginata | halberd, traditional weapon sometimes as long as 10 feet |
nakaima | here and now |
nana | seven, also pronounced shichi |
nanadan | seventh degree black belt |
nen | the purity and unity of the mind |
ni | two |
niban | leading from one into another |
nidan | second degree black belt |
nihon/nippon | japan |
nihongi | religious Japanese book from the 8th century |
nikajo | older name for nikyo |
nikyo | second teaching, pinning technique |
nin | person |
ninindori | two attackers, also called futaridori |
ninja | courier and spy in old Japan |
nippon/nihon | japan |
nito ichiryu/niten ichiryu | school of two swords/two heavens, Musashi’s sword school |
noto | return the sword to the scabbard |
nuki | draw the sword, also called batto |
nukite | strike with fingertips |
o | big, also dai |
o sensei | great teacher (Morihei Ueshiba) |
obi | belt |
ocha | tea |
oi | centre; abdomen |
oitsuki | strike with same arm and foot forward, also called jontsuki |
omote | front, surface, compare ura |
omotokyo | shintoistic society |
onegai shimasu | please, asking for something |
orenai te | unbendable arm |
osae | press down, pinning |
osensei | great teacher, in Aikido Morihei Ueshiba |
otagai ni rei | bow to each other |
otoshi | drop |
oyo | turn |
oyowaza | applied techniques, modified for efficiency |
randori | rough grabbing, refers to free style practise |
rei | bow |
reigi | etiquette, also called reishiki |
renshi | title in kendo, 4-6 dan |
renshu | practice; training |
renzoku | continuous |
renzoku uchikomi | jo staff exercise |
renzokuwaza | consecutive techniques, a series of techniques |
rikaku taisei | techniques used when standing apart form uke |
ritsurei | standing bow |
rokkyo | sixth teaching, pinning technique, see hijikime osae |
roku | six |
rokudan | sixth degree black belt |
ryo | both |
ryokata dori | two shoulder grab |
ryote | two hands |
ryotedori | gripping both wrists |
ryu | style; school |
ryutai | flowing body, fluid training, compare gotai, jutai and kinagare |
sabaki | movement |
sake | rice wine |
samurai | to serve, Japanese warrior class |
san | three |
sandan | third degree black belt |
sankajo | older term for sankyo |
sankaku | triangle |
sankakutai | triangle shape, position of the feet in hanmi |
sankyo | third teaching, pinning technique |
sannindori/sanningake | three attackers |
sanpo | three directions |
satori | spiritual awakening or realization |
satsujinken | killing sword |
saya | scabbard |
seika no itten | the one point below the navel, the body centre, also called tanden |
seika tanden | central point of stomach, slightly below the navel |
seiki | life energy |
seiza | formal sitting position |
seiza ho | moving into a formal sitting position |
sempai | one’s senior, compare kohai |
sen no sen | timing a response so that both attack and defence happen at the same time. See also Go No Sen and Sensen No Sen |
sensen no sen | timing a response to an attack early so the defender takes the initiative. See also Go No Sen and Sen no sen |
sensei | teacher |
sensen no sen | before the attack, a leading initiative |
seppuku | cut belly, ritual suicide with sword, also called harakiri |
shi | four, also pronounced yon |
shiai | competition |
shiatsu | massage |
shibucho | branch director |
shichi | seven, also pronounced nana |
shichidan | seventh degree black belt |
shidoin | instructor, middle title for Aikido teacher, 4/5 dan, compare fukushidoin and shihan |
shihan | expert example, high title for Aikido teacher, from 6 dan, compare fukushidoin and shidoin |
shiho | four direction |
shiho giri | four direction cut with the sword |
shihonage | four directions throw, throwing technique |
shikaku | dead angle, square |
shiki | courage |
shikko | knee walking |
shime | choke |
shimozo | lower seat of the dojo |
shin | heart, will, mind, also pronounced kokoro |
shinai | kendo sword of bamboo |
shindo musoryu | jodo school |
shinken | sharp authentic Japanese sword |
shinshin toitsu | Tohei sensei’s Aikido school, ki no kenkyukai |
shinto | the way of the gods, Japanese religion |
shinzen | seat of the gods, in a dojo usually a position on the wall farthest from the entrance, compare kamiza and shomen |
shisei | posture |
shite | the one leading, defender in Aikido, also called tori or nage |
shizentai | natural posture or stance |
sho | first, beginning |
shodan | first degree black belt |
shodo | calligraphy |
shodokan | Tomiki sensei’s Aikido school |
shomen | front of the head |
shomen | head place of the dojo, compare shinzen and kamiza |
shomen ni rei | bow to head place of the dojo |
shomenuchi | cut or blow to head |
shoshinsha | beginner |
shumatsu dosa | fixing movements |
shuto | hand ridge strike |
sode | sleeve |
sode dori | sleeve grab |
sodeguchidori | grip on the cuff of the sleeve |
sokumen | side |
soto | outside, outer, compare uchi |
sotodeshi | student who lives outside the dojo, compare uchideshi |
soto gawa | outside place |
sotokaiten | outer rotation, compare uchikaiten |
sotouke | block from outside, compare uchiuke |
suburi | solo practice of individual jo or bokken movements |
suki | opening |
sumi | corner |
sumikiri | sharpness of body and mind |
sumimasen | excuse me |
sumitoshi | corner drop |
sumo | traditional Japanese wrestling |
suri | rub, scrape |
suri ashi | gliding the feet |
sutemiwaza | techniques with losing one’s own balance |
suwariwaza | seated training, also called suwate |
suwate | seated training, also called suwariwaza |
tachi | stand |
tachi | sword, also to, ken and katana |
tachi dori | sword taking |
tachidori | defence against sword |
tachiwaza | training standing up |
tai | body |
tai jutsu | body techniques performed without weapons |
tai no henko | body turn, also called tai no tenkan |
tai no tenkan | body turn, also called tai no henko |
taijutsu | body techniques, unarmed techniques |
taisabaki | body move, evasive movement in Aikido |
taiso | exercises |
takemusu | improvised martial art |
takemusu aiki | improvised martial art through the principle of aiki |
tameshi | test |
tameshigiri | cutting test with sword |
tameshiware | hitting test in karatedo |
tanbo | short staff |
tanden | body centre, compare seika no itten |
taninzugake | several attackers |
tanken | short sword |
tanren | drill techniques |
tanren uchi | bokken practise for developing the centre |
tanto/tanken | knife |
tantodori | defence against knife |
tao/dao | Chinese for do |
tatami | mat |
tate | stand up |
te | hand |
tegatana | hand sword, hand ridge in swordlike movements |
tekubi | wrist |
tekubiosae | pinned wrist, yonkyo |
tenchinage | heaven earth throw, throwing technique |
tenkai | stepping move with turn |
tenkan | turning move with step |
tettsui | hammer strike |
to | eye contact without focusing on a single point |
tobigeri | jump kick |
tobikoshi | fall over hip, break fall |
toma | at a great distance |
tomauchi | jo staff technique |
tori | the one who takes, defender in Aikido, also called nage and shite |
torifune | rowing exercise, also called funakogi undo |
tsuba | sword guard |
tsugiashi | following step, back foot following and not passing front foot |
tsuka | sword hilt |
tsuki | punch; thrust |
tsuki no kamae | posture holding the jo at readiness to thrust |
uchi | strike; blow |
uchi | inside, within, inner, compare soto |
uchi gawa | Inside place |
uchi mawari | to step inside your partners arm |
uchideshi | student living in the dojo, compare sotodeshi |
uchikaiten | inner rotation, compare sotokaiten |
uchikata | striking and hitting attack forms |
uchikomi | hitting repeatedly |
uchiuke | block from inside, compare sotouke |
ude | arm |
udegaraminage | bent arm throw |
udekimenage | arm lock throw |
udenobashi | extended arm, gokyo |
udeosae | pinned arm, ikkyo |
uke | block, parry |
uke | the one receiving, attacker in Aikido |
ukemi | breakfall |
undo | exercise |
ura | back; reverse |
ura sankaku | back triangular stance |
uraken | backhand strike |
ushiro | behind, backwards, compare mae |
ushiro kiriotoshi | rear cutting drop, throwing technique |
ushiro ukemi | backward fall |
ushiro waza | techniques applied when attacked from behind |
ushirogeri | backward kick |
ushirowaza | attacks from behind |
waka sensei | young teacher, used in Aikido for successor of doshu |
waki | side |
wakizashi | short sword |
ware | break, split |
waza | technique, skill, training method |
yame | stop |
yang | sunny side, heavenly, in Japanese yo, compare yin |
yari | spear |
yawara | old jujutsu |
yin | shady side, earthly, in Japanese in, compare yang |
yo | Japanese for yang |
yodan | fourth degree black belt |
yoko | side, sideways, horizontal |
yoko ukemi | side fall |
yokogeri | side kick |
yokogiri | horizontal cut |
yokomen | side of the head |
yokomenuchi | strike to the side of the head |
yon | four, also pronounced shi |
yondan | fourth degree black belt |
yonkajo | older term for yonkyo |
yonkyo | fourth teaching, pinning technique |
yoseikan | Mochizuki sensei’s Aikido school |
yoshinkan | Shioda sensei’s Aikido school |
yudansha | dan graded, compare mudansha |
za | seated, sit |
zaidan hojin aikikai | aikikai foundation |
zafu | meditiation cushion used for zazen |
zanshin | awareness; unbroken spirit |
zarei | kneeling bow |
zazen | sitting meditation, also called mokuso |
zen | a form of buddhism |
zengo | around, forward and back, front and rear |
zori | sandals |
Traditional Aikido Portugal
Centro de Movimento
Rua Dr Jose Jacinto Nunes 16B
3270-120 Pedrogao Grande
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