| Japanese Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| aiki ken | Aikido sword exercises |
| aiki no michi | Aikido (michi=do) |
| aiki taiso | aiki exercises |
| aikibatto | sword exercises, solo or paired |
| aikibudo | budo based on the aiki principle, earlier name for Aikido |
| Aikido | the way of harmony of the spirit |
| Aikido kyogi | competition Aikido |
| Aikido toho | Nishio sensei’s iaido school |
| Aikido ka | one who does Aikido, specifically on an advanced or professional level |
| aikijinja | the Aikido temple in Iwama |
| aikijo | Aikido jo |
| aikijutsu | name on the daito ryu martial art, also called aikijujutsu |
| aikikai | organization and “label” for Ueshiba’s Aikido |
| aikiken | Aikido sword exercises |
| aikinage | aiki throw, throwing technique |
| aikiotoshi | aiki drop, throwing technique |
| aikitaiso | Aikido warm up exercises |
| aite | partner in training |
| arigato | thanks |
| arigato gozaimashita | thanks for something completed |
| arigato gozaimasu | thanks for something going on |
| ashi | leg, foot |
| ashigaru | samurai of lowest rank |
| ate | hit, strike |
| atemi | strike to the body |
| awase | harmonizing/blending movement |
| ayumiashi | altering steps, left and right, like normal walking |
| bajutsu | horsemanship |
| barai/harai | parry, ward off |
| batto | draw the sword, also called nuki |
| batto (1) | sword drawing |
| batto (2) | drawn sword, naked blade |
| battojutsu | art of sword drawing using a single cutting motion |
| bo | staff, longer than the jo |
| bojutsu | bo techniques |
| bokken | wooden training sword |
| bokuto | same as bokken |
| bu | war, battle, fight |
| budo | the way of war/battle, the Japanese martial arts |
| budoka | one who does any budo, specifically on an advanced or professional level |
| bugei | battle art, old term |
| bugeisha | warrior, master of martial arts |
| bujin | military man, soldier |
| bujutsu | martial technique |
| bukiwaza | weapons training |
| bushi | warrior |
| bushido | the way of the warrior |
| chado | tea ceremony |
| chikara | force/strength |
| choku | direct |
| chokutsuki | direct strike with the jo |
| chudan | middle, compare jodan and gedan |
| chudan kamae | guard position with a weapon at belly height |
| chudan tsuki | strike at belly/solar plexus, with weapon or empty hand |
| chukyusha | continuing student, with a mid-level kyu grade |
| dai | big, also o |
| daisho | sword pair, the long and the short sword |
| daito ryu | aikijutsu school |
| dame | wrong, bad |
| dan | level, black belt grade in budo |
| dao/tao | transcription of the Chinese word for way, do |
| deshi | student |
| do | way, also michi |
| dogi | training dress, also keikogi |
| do-in | self-massage tradition |
| dojo | training hall |
| dojo cho | head of a training hall |
| doka | poem about the way |
| domo | thanks |
| domo arigato gozaimas | thank you so much, for something going on |
| domo arigato gozaimashita | thank you so much, for something completed |
| dori | take, catch, grab |
| dosa | movement |
| doshu | way leader, head of a budo |
| dozo | please/by all mean |
| eda | short stick |
| embukai | public demonstration |
| empi | strike with elbow |
| eri | neck, collar |
| eridori | collar grip by the neck |
| fuchi | metal sleeve at the base of the handle of a katana |
| fudo no shisei | immovable posture |
| fukuro shinai | A bamboo bokken encased in leather |
| fukushidoin | teacher assisting instructor. Compare shidoin and shihan |
| funakogi undo | rowing exercise, also called torifune |
| furitama | exercise to still ki |
| futaridori/futarigake | two attackers |
| gaeshi/kaeshi | returning, reversed, counter |
| gamae/kamae | guard, basic position |
| gasshuku | training camp, lodging together |
| gedan | low, compare jodan and chudan |
| gedan gaeshi | circular jo movement, aimed at lower part of uke‘s body |
| gedan tsuki | jo thrust aimed at lower part of uke‘s body |
| gedanbarai | low block |
| geiko/keiko | training |
| geri | kick |
| gi | training suit |
| giri/kiri | cut |
| go | five |
| godan | fifth degree black belt |
| gokyo | fifth teaching, pinning technique |
| gomen nasai | excuse me |
| go no sen | timing a response late to an attack. See also Sen and Sen No Sen |
| gorin no sho | book of five rings, by Miyamoto Musashi |
| goshi (koshi) | hip |
| gotai | hard body, static training, compare jutai, ryutai and kinagare |
| gyaku | reverse, opposite |
| gyakuhanmi | basic relation between partners: they have opposite foot forward, compare aihanmi |
| gyakuhanmi katatedori | wrist grip, right on left or left on right, compare aihanmi katatedori |
| gyakutsuki | strike with opposing arm and leg forward, compare oitsuki |
| habaki | collar around the blade of a katana |
| hachi | eight |
| hachi no ji | jo movement based on the Japanese character for eight |
| hachidan | eighth degree black belt |
| hagakure | hiding the leaves, classic samurai book from the 18th century |
| hai | yes |
| hajime | begin |
| hakama | traditional wide pants, used in Aikido |
| hanbo | stick, 3ft staff |
| handachi | half standing |
| hanmi | standing posture |
| hanmi | half body |
| hanmi gamae | angled guard position |
| hanmi handachiwaza | sitting versus standing |
| hanmi hantachi | one sitting, one standing |
| hanshi | sword master of high rank |
| hanshi | title in kendo, from 8th dan |
| hantai | opposed |
| happo | eight directions, compare shiho |
| happo giri | eight direction cut |
| hara | stomach, centre |
| harai/barai | sweep away, parry |
| harakiri | cut belly, ritual suicide, also called seppuku |
| hasso gamae | guard with weapon at shoulder level |
| hasso no kamae | posture with ken or jo vertical at the right shoulder |
| hassogaeshi | jo staff technique |
| henka waza | changing techniques, variations on basic techniques, also shifting from one technique to another |
| henke | blending |
| hidari | left (right: migi) |
| hidari hanmi | left posture |
| hiji | elbow |
| hiji jime (shime) | elbow lock |
| hijidori | grip on elbow |
| hijikimeosae | pinning technique, sometimes called rokkyo |
| hiki | pull |
| hineri | twist |
| hiragana | Japanese phonetic writing, compare katakana |
| hiriki | elbow power |
| hito e mi | making the posture small |
| hito e mi | making the body small, guard position with more of an angle than hanmi |
| hiza | knee |
| ho | direction |
| ho | method |
| hombu | head quarters |
| hombu dojo | head dojo, used for Aikido ‘s head dojo in Tokyo |
| iai | swordplay |
| iaido | modern art of drawing the sword from its scabbard |
| iaito | training sword, usually not sharpened |
| ichiban | first, best |
| ichigeki issatsu | one blow, one kill |
| iie | no |
| iki | will power |
| ikkajo | older term for ikkyo |
| ikki | one ki, bottoms up, toast |
| ikkyo | first teaching, pinning technique |
| ikkyo undo | exercise of the basic ikkyo movement |
| in | japanese for the chinese concept yin, compare yo |
| ippan geiko | general training |
| ippon | one point |
| ipponken | strike with one knuckle |
| irimi | entering (movement) |
| iriminage | inward throw, throwing technique |
| iro obi | coloured belt |
| iwama | japanese town, where O sensei had a dojo and a home |
| iwama ryu | Saito sensei’s Aikido style |
| jiyuwaza | free training |
| jo | stick, 4ft staff |
| jo awase jo | staff exercises |
| jodan | high, compare chudan and gedan |
| jodan gaeshi | circular jo strike to upper part of uke‘s body |
| jodan kamae | guard with weapon over head |
| jodan no kamae | upper stance |
| jodan tsuki | strike at head |
| jodanuke | high block |
| jodo | the way of the staff |
| jodori | defence against jo |
| jokyusha | advanced student, with a higher kyu grade, compare chukyusha |
| joseki | place where honoured guest is seated in the dojo |
| jotori | staff taking (defense against jo attacks) |
| ju | soft |
| ju | ten |
| ju no ri | principle of gentleness |
| judan | tenth degree black belt |
| judo | the soft way, or the way to softness |
| jujigarami/jujinage | crossed arm throw |
| jujutsu | the soft art |
| juken | bayonet |
| jumbitaiso aikitaiso | warm up exercises |
| juntsuki | strike with the same arm and leg forward, also called oitsuki, compare gyakutsuki |
| jutai | soft body, smooth training, compare gotai, ryutai and kinagare |
| jutsu | technique/art |
| kaeshi/gaeshi | returning, reverse |
| kaeshitsuki | reverse strike with jo staff |
| Kaeshi waza | counter techniques |
| kagami biraki | Japanese new year celebration, held January 11th |
| kai | association |
| kaiso | founder |
| kaiten | open and turn |
| kaitennage | rotation throw, throwing technique |
| kaitenosae | rotation pinning technique |
| kakaedori | embrace |
| kakarigeiko | attackers in line, one after the other |
| kakudo | angle |
| kakutogi | combative art |
| kamae/gamae | guard position |
| kami | deity, divine being |
| kamigakari | divinely inspired person |
| kamiza | honorary place in a dojo, compare shomen and shinzen |
| kampai | cheers, toast |
| kan | intuition |
| kangeiko | mid winter training |
| kanji | ideograms, the Chinese writing |
| kanren | linked, connected |
| kanrenwaza | linked techniques, one technique followed by another, compare renzokuwaza |
| kansetsu | joint (on body) |
| kansetsu waza | joint techniques |
| kansha | gratitude |
| karatedo | the way of the empty hand, or the way through the hand to emptiness |
| kashima shintoryu | traditional sword school |
| kata | form, pre decided movements |
| kata | shoulder |
| katadori | shoulder grip |
| katadori menuchi | shoulder grip followed by shomenuchi |
| katakana | japanese phonetic writing, compare hiragana |
| katamewaza | pinning techniques |
| katana | the japanese sword, also ken, to and tachi |
| katasujinken | life giving sword |
| katate | one hand technique |
| katate dori | one hand grab |
| katate ryotedori | grip with both hands, also called morotedori |
| katatedori | wrist grip |
| katori shintoryu | traditional sword school |
| keiko/geiko | training |
| keikogi | training dress, also dogi |
| ken | firm, strong |
| ken | sword, also katana, to and tachi |
| ken no kamae | posture when holding sword of bokken ready |
| kendo | japanese fencing |
| kenjutsu | combative sword arts or techniques |
| keppan | blood oath |
| ki | spirit; mind; heart; energy |
| ki Aikido | Tohei sensei’s Aikido style |
| ki no kenkyukai | Tohei sensei’s Aikido school, also shinshin toitsu |
| ki no musubi | uniting your ki with that of your opponent |
| ki no nagare | ki, or energy flow |
| kiai | gathered ki, usually used for shout in budo |
| kihon | basics |
| kihon waza | basic technique |
| kikai tanden | the ocean of ki in the body’s center |
| kime | focusing |
| kimusubi | tying one’s ki to that of the partner |
| kinagare/ki no nagare | streaming ki, flowing training, compare gotai, jutai and ryutai |
| kiotsukete | to stand to attention |
| kiri/giri | cut |
| kirikaeshi | turning cut, sword exercise |
| kiritsu | to stand up |
| koan | riddle in zen |
| kobudo | traditional or pre |
| kobudo | older budo |
| kobujutsu | traditional martial arts |
| kogeki | attack |
| kogekiho | attack techniques |
| kohai | one’s junior, compare sempai |
| kojiki | religious Japanese book from the 8th century |
| kokoro | heart, will, mind, also pronounced shin |
| kokyu | breath power |
| kokyu nage | throwing with breath power |
| kokyu ryoku | breath power |
| kokyuho | breathing exercise, throwing technique |
| kokyunage | breath throw |
| kosa | cross over, pass |
| kosadori | cross over grip, same as aihanmi katatedori |
| koshi | hip |
| koshi nage | hip throw |
| kote | wrist |
| kote gaeshi | outward wrist twist |
| kotegaeshi | reversed wrist, throwing technique |
| kotehineri | twisted wrist, sankyo |
| kotemawashi | turned wrist, nikyo |
| kotodama/kototama | spirit of words, Japanese sound mystique and cosmology |
| ku | emptiness |
| ku | nine |
| kubi | neck |
| kubishime | neck choke |
| kuden | oral teaching |
| kumi | group, set |
| kumijo | jo staff exercises, jo against jo |
| kumitachi | sword exercises, sword against sword |
| kumite | empty handed fight |
| kumiuchi | ancient Japanese wrestling in full armour |
| kuzushi | break balance, destabilise |
| kyo | principle, learning |
| kyoju dairi | teaching assistant |
| kyoshi | title in kendo, 6/7 dan |
| kyu | grade before black belt, compare dan |
| kyudan | ninth degree black belt |
| kyudo | the art of Japanese archery |
| ma ai | harmonious, balanced distance between training partners |
| mae | front, forward, compare ushiro |
| mae ukemi | forward fall |
| maegeri | straight kick |
| makiwara | target for hitting practice in karatedo |
| maru | circle |
| marui | circular |
| masakatsu agatsu | correct victory, victory over self |
| mawashi | revolving, turning |
| mawashigeri | roundhouse kick |
| mawate | turning |
| me | eye |
| meiji | martial ways |
| men | head |
| menkyo | teaching license |
| menkyo kaiden | certificate of advanced proficiency |
| menuchi | head strike |
| metsubushi | ‘smashing the eyes’ |
| metsuke | eye |
| michi | way, also do |
| migi | right (left: hidari) |
| migi hanmi | right posture |
| misogi | purification, cleansing |
| mo ikkai | do again |
| mochi | hold/grip, also called dori |
| mochikata | gripping attacks |
| mokuroku | catalogue or list |
| mokuso | meditation, also called zazen |
| moro | both |
| morotedori | grip with both hands, also called katate ryotedori |
| mu | nothing, empty |
| mudansha | trainee without dan grade, compare yudansha |
| mune | chest |
| munedori | collar grip by the chest |
| musha shugyo | knight errantry |
| mushin mugamae | empty or open mind/stance |
| musubi | tie together, bind, join |
| nagare | flow, streaming |
| nage | throw, also used for the one doing the Aikido technique, compare tori |
| nagewaza | throwing techniques |
| naginata | halberd, traditional weapon sometimes as long as 10 feet |
| nakaima | here and now |
| nana | seven, also pronounced shichi |
| nanadan | seventh degree black belt |
| nen | the purity and unity of the mind |
| ni | two |
| niban | leading from one into another |
| nidan | second degree black belt |
| nihon/nippon | japan |
| nihongi | religious Japanese book from the 8th century |
| nikajo | older name for nikyo |
| nikyo | second teaching, pinning technique |
| nin | person |
| ninindori | two attackers, also called futaridori |
| ninja | courier and spy in old Japan |
| nippon/nihon | japan |
| nito ichiryu/niten ichiryu | school of two swords/two heavens, Musashi’s sword school |
| noto | return the sword to the scabbard |
| nuki | draw the sword, also called batto |
| nukite | strike with fingertips |
| o | big, also dai |
| o sensei | great teacher (Morihei Ueshiba) |
| obi | belt |
| ocha | tea |
| oi | centre; abdomen |
| oitsuki | strike with same arm and foot forward, also called jontsuki |
| omote | front, surface, compare ura |
| omotokyo | shintoistic society |
| onegai shimasu | please, asking for something |
| orenai te | unbendable arm |
| osae | press down, pinning |
| osensei | great teacher, in Aikido Morihei Ueshiba |
| otagai ni rei | bow to each other |
| otoshi | drop |
| oyo | turn |
| oyowaza | applied techniques, modified for efficiency |
| randori | rough grabbing, refers to free style practise |
| rei | bow |
| reigi | etiquette, also called reishiki |
| renshi | title in kendo, 4-6 dan |
| renshu | practice; training |
| renzoku | continuous |
| renzoku uchikomi | jo staff exercise |
| renzokuwaza | consecutive techniques, a series of techniques |
| rikaku taisei | techniques used when standing apart form uke |
| ritsurei | standing bow |
| rokkyo | sixth teaching, pinning technique, see hijikime osae |
| roku | six |
| rokudan | sixth degree black belt |
| ryo | both |
| ryokata dori | two shoulder grab |
| ryote | two hands |
| ryotedori | gripping both wrists |
| ryu | style; school |
| ryutai | flowing body, fluid training, compare gotai, jutai and kinagare |
| sabaki | movement |
| sake | rice wine |
| samurai | to serve, Japanese warrior class |
| san | three |
| sandan | third degree black belt |
| sankajo | older term for sankyo |
| sankaku | triangle |
| sankakutai | triangle shape, position of the feet in hanmi |
| sankyo | third teaching, pinning technique |
| sannindori/sanningake | three attackers |
| sanpo | three directions |
| satori | spiritual awakening or realization |
| satsujinken | killing sword |
| saya | scabbard |
| seika no itten | the one point below the navel, the body centre, also called tanden |
| seika tanden | central point of stomach, slightly below the navel |
| seiki | life energy |
| seiza | formal sitting position |
| seiza ho | moving into a formal sitting position |
| sempai | one’s senior, compare kohai |
| sen no sen | timing a response so that both attack and defence happen at the same time. See also Go No Sen and Sensen No Sen |
| sensen no sen | timing a response to an attack early so the defender takes the initiative. See also Go No Sen and Sen no sen |
| sensei | teacher |
| sensen no sen | before the attack, a leading initiative |
| seppuku | cut belly, ritual suicide with sword, also called harakiri |
| shi | four, also pronounced yon |
| shiai | competition |
| shiatsu | massage |
| shibucho | branch director |
| shichi | seven, also pronounced nana |
| shichidan | seventh degree black belt |
| shidoin | instructor, middle title for Aikido teacher, 4/5 dan, compare fukushidoin and shihan |
| shihan | expert example, high title for Aikido teacher, from 6 dan, compare fukushidoin and shidoin |
| shiho | four direction |
| shiho giri | four direction cut with the sword |
| shihonage | four directions throw, throwing technique |
| shikaku | dead angle, square |
| shiki | courage |
| shikko | knee walking |
| shime | choke |
| shimozo | lower seat of the dojo |
| shin | heart, will, mind, also pronounced kokoro |
| shinai | kendo sword of bamboo |
| shindo musoryu | jodo school |
| shinken | sharp authentic Japanese sword |
| shinshin toitsu | Tohei sensei’s Aikido school, ki no kenkyukai |
| shinto | the way of the gods, Japanese religion |
| shinzen | seat of the gods, in a dojo usually a position on the wall farthest from the entrance, compare kamiza and shomen |
| shisei | posture |
| shite | the one leading, defender in Aikido, also called tori or nage |
| shizentai | natural posture or stance |
| sho | first, beginning |
| shodan | first degree black belt |
| shodo | calligraphy |
| shodokan | Tomiki sensei’s Aikido school |
| shomen | front of the head |
| shomen | head place of the dojo, compare shinzen and kamiza |
| shomen ni rei | bow to head place of the dojo |
| shomenuchi | cut or blow to head |
| shoshinsha | beginner |
| shumatsu dosa | fixing movements |
| shuto | hand ridge strike |
| sode | sleeve |
| sode dori | sleeve grab |
| sodeguchidori | grip on the cuff of the sleeve |
| sokumen | side |
| soto | outside, outer, compare uchi |
| sotodeshi | student who lives outside the dojo, compare uchideshi |
| soto gawa | outside place |
| sotokaiten | outer rotation, compare uchikaiten |
| sotouke | block from outside, compare uchiuke |
| suburi | solo practice of individual jo or bokken movements |
| suki | opening |
| sumi | corner |
| sumikiri | sharpness of body and mind |
| sumimasen | excuse me |
| sumitoshi | corner drop |
| sumo | traditional Japanese wrestling |
| suri | rub, scrape |
| suri ashi | gliding the feet |
| sutemiwaza | techniques with losing one’s own balance |
| suwariwaza | seated training, also called suwate |
| suwate | seated training, also called suwariwaza |
| tachi | stand |
| tachi | sword, also to, ken and katana |
| tachi dori | sword taking |
| tachidori | defence against sword |
| tachiwaza | training standing up |
| tai | body |
| tai jutsu | body techniques performed without weapons |
| tai no henko | body turn, also called tai no tenkan |
| tai no tenkan | body turn, also called tai no henko |
| taijutsu | body techniques, unarmed techniques |
| taisabaki | body move, evasive movement in Aikido |
| taiso | exercises |
| takemusu | improvised martial art |
| takemusu aiki | improvised martial art through the principle of aiki |
| tameshi | test |
| tameshigiri | cutting test with sword |
| tameshiware | hitting test in karatedo |
| tanbo | short staff |
| tanden | body centre, compare seika no itten |
| taninzugake | several attackers |
| tanken | short sword |
| tanren | drill techniques |
| tanren uchi | bokken practise for developing the centre |
| tanto/tanken | knife |
| tantodori | defence against knife |
| tao/dao | Chinese for do |
| tatami | mat |
| tate | stand up |
| te | hand |
| tegatana | hand sword, hand ridge in swordlike movements |
| tekubi | wrist |
| tekubiosae | pinned wrist, yonkyo |
| tenchinage | heaven earth throw, throwing technique |
| tenkai | stepping move with turn |
| tenkan | turning move with step |
| tettsui | hammer strike |
| to | eye contact without focusing on a single point |
| tobigeri | jump kick |
| tobikoshi | fall over hip, break fall |
| toma | at a great distance |
| tomauchi | jo staff technique |
| tori | the one who takes, defender in Aikido, also called nage and shite |
| torifune | rowing exercise, also called funakogi undo |
| tsuba | sword guard |
| tsugiashi | following step, back foot following and not passing front foot |
| tsuka | sword hilt |
| tsuki | punch; thrust |
| tsuki no kamae | posture holding the jo at readiness to thrust |
| uchi | strike; blow |
| uchi | inside, within, inner, compare soto |
| uchi gawa | Inside place |
| uchi mawari | to step inside your partners arm |
| uchideshi | student living in the dojo, compare sotodeshi |
| uchikaiten | inner rotation, compare sotokaiten |
| uchikata | striking and hitting attack forms |
| uchikomi | hitting repeatedly |
| uchiuke | block from inside, compare sotouke |
| ude | arm |
| udegaraminage | bent arm throw |
| udekimenage | arm lock throw |
| udenobashi | extended arm, gokyo |
| udeosae | pinned arm, ikkyo |
| uke | block, parry |
| uke | the one receiving, attacker in Aikido |
| ukemi | breakfall |
| undo | exercise |
| ura | back; reverse |
| ura sankaku | back triangular stance |
| uraken | backhand strike |
| ushiro | behind, backwards, compare mae |
| ushiro kiriotoshi | rear cutting drop, throwing technique |
| ushiro ukemi | backward fall |
| ushiro waza | techniques applied when attacked from behind |
| ushirogeri | backward kick |
| ushirowaza | attacks from behind |
| waka sensei | young teacher, used in Aikido for successor of doshu |
| waki | side |
| wakizashi | short sword |
| ware | break, split |
| waza | technique, skill, training method |
| yame | stop |
| yang | sunny side, heavenly, in Japanese yo, compare yin |
| yari | spear |
| yawara | old jujutsu |
| yin | shady side, earthly, in Japanese in, compare yang |
| yo | Japanese for yang |
| yodan | fourth degree black belt |
| yoko | side, sideways, horizontal |
| yoko ukemi | side fall |
| yokogeri | side kick |
| yokogiri | horizontal cut |
| yokomen | side of the head |
| yokomenuchi | strike to the side of the head |
| yon | four, also pronounced shi |
| yondan | fourth degree black belt |
| yonkajo | older term for yonkyo |
| yonkyo | fourth teaching, pinning technique |
| yoseikan | Mochizuki sensei’s Aikido school |
| yoshinkan | Shioda sensei’s Aikido school |
| yudansha | dan graded, compare mudansha |
| za | seated, sit |
| zaidan hojin aikikai | aikikai foundation |
| zafu | meditiation cushion used for zazen |
| zanshin | awareness; unbroken spirit |
| zarei | kneeling bow |
| zazen | sitting meditation, also called mokuso |
| zen | a form of buddhism |
| zengo | around, forward and back, front and rear |
| zori | sandals |
Traditional Aikido Portugal
Centro de Movimento
Rua Dr Jose Jacinto Nunes 16B
3270-120 Pedrogao Grande
Create Your Own Website With JouwWeb